Side stringers of lumber no smaller than 2 x 6 inches set on edge. Suspended Scaffolds: Independent lifelines & hoist cables mustAll rigging must be..No repairs or splices.. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. [, Securely fastened together with the flanges turned out when channel iron beams are used instead of I-beams. [, Gasoline-powered hoists may not be used on suspension scaffolds. [, Do not load the scaffold or any component parts beyond their maximum capacity (their own weight and 4:1 the maximum intended load). Employees who perform work while on a scaffold must be trained by a qualified person to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used, and to understand the procedures to control those hazards. Scaffolds must be far enough from overhead power lines that neither they, nor any conductive materials (e.g. [, When other types of hoists are used, the suspension ropes must be long enough to allow the scaffold to travel to the level below without the rope end passing through the hoist, or else the rope end must be provided with means to prevent the end from passing through the hoist. Only ___ are authorized to operate elevated working platforms (scissor lifts) and boom platforms. 4 A means of access must be provided to a scaffold platform if there is no existing access within ___ feet of the platform 2 Repaired wire rope is acceptable for use on suspended scaffolds Bolts or other direct connections to the floor or deck. Such retraining is required in at least the following situations [. Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level. [, For two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, access to one platform from another may only take place when the platforms [. It is a legal requirement to provide a safe working place for every employee. The victim was on the left side of the platform and was wearing the same equipment, but he apparently did not have the lanyard hooked to his lifeline. Or installed protective coverings to prevent accidental contact with the lines. His co-worker was able to grab on to the scaffold, and climbed to a fire escape. [, Installed with all bearing supports perpendicular to the beam center line. A patient suffers brain damage in an automobile accident. Examination of the lanyard after the event showed burn damage at several places, including the point of failure. upward and which are moving downward. [, No more than three employees should occupy suspension scaffolds designed for a working load of 750 pounds (non-mandatory). Supported scaffolds are scaffolds supported from the ground by rigid elements such as outrigger beams, poles, legs, base plates, sills and posts. This section highlights OSHA standards, preambles to final rules (background to final rules), Federal Register notices (rules, proposed rules), directives (instruction to OSHA staff), and letters of interpretation (official letters of interpretation of the standards) related to scaffolding. When brackets are used to support cantilevered platforms, they must: Two Workers Killed by Falling Objects While On Scaffolds. [. Protecting these workers from scaffold-related incidents can prevent injuries and deaths attributed to falls from scaffolding each year. Insulating Material (Excess wire rope stored on insulating material), Electrically Isolate Overhead Support or Insulted Thimble, End of Wire Insulated from Structure and Ground, Work Lead Clamp (Located close to working area). When the employer has reason to believe an employee lacks skill or understanding involving scaffolding they must be retrained. (Figure 15) [, Each toprail or equivalent member of a guardrail system must be able to withstand a force of at least 200 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at any point along its top edge. At the time of the incident, the victim was standing on an outer end of the scaffold platform and was pulling on the suspension rope to raise that end of the scaffold. (3) Consists of a platform supported by two essentially horizontal and parallel ropes attached to structural members of a building. This defect and the victim's possible failure to release the parking brake before beginning his descent caused one end of the scaffold to drop. Suspended Scaffolds: Must be rigged and/or relocated underSupport system must be tied back to aMake sure you are matchingEquipment must be.. [, Unless it is designed and installed to support employees and materials without tipping, or has guardrails that block employee access, each end of a platform may not extend over its support more than 12 inches (for platforms 10 feet or shorter in length) or more than 18 inches (for platforms more than 10 feet long). working weight. =Must determine the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection during erection/dismantling of supported scaffolding. [, The inboard ends of outrigger beams must be stabilized by bolts or other direct connections to the floor or roof deck, or by counterweights. Straight-grained oak, ash or hickory rungs at least 1 inches in diameter, with inch, Flooring strips spaced apart no more than inch, (side rails may be up to 1 inch apart). [, Scaffold platforms and walkways must be at least 18 inches wide, unless they are used in areas that the employer can demonstrate are so narrow that they must be less than 18 inches wide. Multiply 35 square feet by 25 pounds per square foot and the scaffolding can be loaded with no more than 875 pounds. The left side of the parapet wall collapsed, causing the left cornice hook to fall and the left end of the scaffold to fall to the ground. = Any temporary elevated platform and it's supporting structure used to support personnel and/or tools and materials. Placement of potential falling objects away from the edge of the surface from which they may fall. The employer did not control inspection or distribution of this fall protection equipment. Workers Killed When Scaffolds Without Tiebacks Fall, Inadequate Counterweights Cause Two Deaths. Correct procedures for erecting, disassembling, etc. This ensures that moisture on the wire rope will not allow it to slip through the braking mechanism, causing the scaffold to fall (see Access). Because the platform is the work area of a suspended scaffold, an inspection requires safety checks of both the platform structure and how the platform is used by the workers. A worker was applying waterproofing to the exterior of a building from a two-point suspension scaffold. Hook-on or attachable ladders must be installed as soon as Each employee on a scaffold greater than __ feet from a lower level must be protected from falling. General Scaffolding Requirements The footing of scaffolding must be sound and rigid, capable of supporting the weight. The workers were wearing the available safety harnesses and lifelines but had not connected the lifelines. = Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied to it. =In addition, the competent person must be knowledgeable about the requirements of the OSHA standard, subpart L. =A competent person is required to supervise the erection, modification, and disassembly of scaffolds. [, Counterweights must be secured by mechanical means to the outrigger beams (Figures 2 & 3) to prevent accidental displacement. According to witnesses, the worker slipped out of his safety belt and fell three floors to a concrete walkway and injured his head. How much heat per cycle is exhausted to the kitchen? Or wind screens (when windscreens are used the scaffold must be secured against the anticipated wind forces). [, Makeshift devices, such as boxes and barrels, may not be used on top of scaffold platforms to increase the height of the working level. is allowed to accumulate on the platform. Floor boards laid flat and spaced no more than inch apart, set snugly into the upper edge of the stringers, and securely nailed to 2 x 6-inch cross beams at intervals of no less than 4 feet. At least 4 times the tipping moment imposed by the scaffold when it is operating at the rated load of the hoist. Tip: Because it may be difficult to determine if a power line is insulated, or what its exact voltage is, the 10 ft. rule should always be applied. Two employees were sandblasting a 110-foot water tank while working on a two-point suspension scaffold 60-70 feet above the ground. Three workers were on a two-point suspension scaffold rated at 500 lbs. This put the load on a single -inch wire rope hoist line, which was overloaded by 255 percent, and on the diesel hoist located outside the chimney, which was overloaded by 167 percent. Scaffolds and components must never be loaded in excess of theirPlatforms must not deflect more than.Fabricated frame scaffolds over.. Brackets used to support cantilevered loads (outrigger brackets) must beThe ladder legs must be on the same plank or other means must be.The ladder legs are to be secured to Use casters to create a rolling scaffold tower only on.Casters must be.When moving scaffold manual force must be applied.Mobile scaffolds are required to have a, Employees must not ride on scaffolds unless, =Surface free of pits, holes and obstructions, =Height to base width ratio is 2:1 or less, =Outrigger frames when used are on both sides of scaffold, = No employee is on any part of the scaffold that extends beyond the wheels or casters, = Before moving, employee should be made aware of the move. 2. Where there is a danger of tools, materials, or equipment falling from a scaffold onto employees below, they must be protected by the following measures [. Response: No. Scaffold incidents causing injury or death to workers is often the result of either the planking or support giving way, by the worker slipping, the absence of fall protection, or being struck by a falling object. [, The suspension wire rope must be covered with insulating material at least 4 feet (1.2 m) above the hoist. on that component, in For example, if the combined weight of two workers and their tools and materials is 525 pounds, the scaffold must be capable of withstanding this load the factor of four is designed into . Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least __ times the maximum intended load applied to it. Since the scaffold was not grounded, it became energized. (Figure 17) [. The nature of any electrical hazards, fall hazards, and falling object hazards in the work area. Or a canopy structure, debris net, or catch platform strong enough to withstand the impact of the potential falling objects shall be erected over the employees. Hazards and Possible Solutions Suspended scaffolds are often made of metal and sometimes used in close proximity to overhead power lines. Each platform unit on all working levels of scaffolds must be fully.Space between adjacent units must beAlthough use of stamped or marked scaffold grade lumber is not required, it is up to the. Refer to the.Equipment must.Proper distance from all. what must be utilized? (Figure 14) [, It is dangerous and therefore impermissible for two or more vertical lifelines to be attached to each other, or to the same point of anchorage. 4. . [, Heat damage caused by a torch, or any damage caused by contact with electrical wires. Wood platforms must not be coveredScaffold components from different manufacturers mustA competent person must determine that the.. 4 In general, each platform on all working levels of scaffolds shall be ___?___ or decked between the front uprights and the guardrail supports. Inspection of the scaffold hoist revealed a defect in a centrifugal safety brake. Bi 09/04/2023 09/04/2023 Each scaffold must be capable of supporting, without failure, it's own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. Six other boilermakers had just left a suspension scaffold when it fell about 392 feet along with the foreman, who was killed. The weight of the scaffold and its occupants must be supported by both the structure to which it is attached and by each of the scaffold components that make up the anchorage system. [, Each hoist must be covered with insulated protective covers. Scaffold planks shall extend over their end support at least six (6) inches but no more than twelve (12) inches. Capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards Who has the authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them, Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least __ times the maximum intended load applied to it, feasible to do so and does not create a greater hazard. It involves a set of preemptive actions in building, inspecting, using, and tagging scaffolds. Each suspension rope, including connecting hardware, used on adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be capable of supporting, without failure, at least 6 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to that rope with the scaffold operating at either the rated load of the hoist, or 2 (minimum) times the stall load of the hoist, whichever a 2 b 4 c 5 d 6 4 It is important to inspect scaffolds and scaffold components for visible defects before each work shift and after any occurrence that could affect a scaffolds . block is an..Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights must be.. = Mud sills must be used in soil, asphalt. The superintendent was in a rush to get the system disassembled because a helicopter had been contracted to remove the structural members of the scaffold support system on Monday. As the employees went up in the scaffold, the right side fell to the ground from an elevation of 20 feet. Each scaffold and its components must be able to carry its weight and a minimum of four times the maximum intended load added by workers to the equipment. [, When outrigger beams are not stabilized by bolts or other direct connections to the floor or roof deck, they must instead be secured by tiebacks. The employees were not tied off independently, nor was the scaffold equipped with an independent attachment system. They were working on a 48-foot-high tank from a two-point suspension scaffold supported by two steel outriggers. The number one scaffold hazard is worker falls. [, Suspended scaffold outrigger beams must be stabilized by [. Scaffolds shall be erected , moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision and direction of a(n) ___?___ qualified in scaffold erection, moving, dismantling, or alteration. The painter sent the helper to the sidewalk below to receive the tools and paint buckets. The trainee fell 18 feet, landed on a stored scaffold pick, and was lucky to sustain only a chipped ankle bone and a bruised calf. Unsafe Access Leads to Death on Suspended Scaffold. [, All ladder-type platforms must be constructed in accordance with the. Two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, also known as swing-stage scaffolds, are perhaps the most common type of suspended scaffold. An ideal refrigerator does 150 J of work to remove 560 J as heat from its cold compartment. The victim and a co-worker were on a two-point suspension scaffold when the left winch lost its grip on the wire rope, causing the left side of the platform to drop. [, Counterweights must not be removed from an outrigger beam until the scaffold is disassembled. The right side hoist had only been set up with enough cable to go from the upper roof to the intermediate roof, a total of 16 feet (the total cable length measured 18 feet 5 inches). When scaffold platforms are more than ___?___ above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold stairways/towers), stairway-type ladders (such as ladder stands), ramps, walkways, integral prefabricated scaffold access, or direct access from another scaffold, structure, personnel hoist, or similar surface shall be used. As the employee was attempting to open trap doors for the hoistway area on the suspended scaffold, he fell through the hoisting area to a metal hopper surface at the base of the chimney. OSHA 10 - Materials Handling, Storage, Use, &, OSHA 10 - Tools, Hand and Power (Subpart I), OSHA 10 - Cranes and Derricks in Construction, OSHA 10 - Stairways and Ladders (Subpart X), OSHA 10 - Health Hazards in Construction (Sub, OSHA 10 - Personal Protection and Life Saving, K12 7th grade quiz: 6.07 Unit Test: Answers a. 3. These incidents can be avoided by compliance with OSHA standards. The scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting four times the rated load. [, Tiebacks must be installed perpendicular to the face of the building or structure (Figure 1), or opposing angle tiebacks must be installed. When acids or other corrosive substances are used on a scaffold, the ropes shall be shielded, treated to protect against the corrosive substances, or shall be of a material that will not be damaged by the substances. [, Swaged attachments or spliced eyes on wire suspension ropes may not be used unless they are made by the manufacturer or a qualified person. So a 10 foot span (120 inches) cannot deflect more than: 2 inches = all times with independent lifelines attached to anchorage points capable of supporting 5000 lb. Animation of what happens when a scaffold becomes stuck while traveling. Investigation indicated that the scaffold motor assembly was improperly connected to the scaffold platform. In order to assure stability, supported scaffolds must be set on: base plates, mud sills or other adequate firm foundation; Base plates are required on every scaffold whereas mud sills are mostly just used for scaffolds constructed on dirt or gravel Footings must be capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or (Figure 13) [, When winding drum hoists are used and the scaffold is extended to its lowest point of travel, there must be enough rope to still wrap four times around the drum. Platform must be securely fastened to hangers by u-bolts. Three employees were spray painting a water tower that was 125 ft. high and 30 ft. in diameter. When conditions warrant, the height of the top edge may exceed the 45-inch height, provided the guardrail system meets all other criteria. [, Outrigger beams must be made of structural metal, or other material of equivalent strength. 4. . [, Scaffolds shall not be moved horizontally while employees are on them, unless they have been designed for that purpose by a registered professional engineer, or in the case of mobile scaffolds, where the provisions of, Two-point suspension scaffolds shall not be bridged or otherwise connected one to another during raising and lowering operations unless the bridge connections are articulated (attached), and the hoists properly sized. [, Window cleaners' anchors may not be used for this purpose. Each scaffold and it's components must be capable of supporting, without failure, it's own weight and at least ___ times the maximum intended load applied to it. Scaffolding hazards are addressed in specific standards for the construction industry. One hazard concerns the employees on the scaffold itself; the other concerns employees who work in or enter the area below the scaffold. Platforms on two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds (swing stages) must be no more than 36 inches wide, unless a qualified person has designed them to prevent unstable conditions. Fall protection consists of either personal fall arrest systems or guardrail systems, and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level (two-point scaffolds require both PFAS and guardrail systems). [. Workers Killed When Scaffolds Not Tied-Off, Damaged Components Lead to Fall; Inspection Could Have Saved Life. Because metal frame scaffolds are conductive, power tools, cords, etc., that suffer insulation failure can electrify the entire scaffold. Or between 38 and 48 inches above the work platform for a toprail. The top edge height of toprails on supported scaffolds must be between 36 inches and 45 inches. Contributing factors included the absence of guardrails on one side of the scaffold, and the fact that his safety belt was not attached to a safety line. The maximum intended load and the load-carrying capacity of the scaffold. Most Frequently Cited - 2010 Scaffolds (Tubular Welded Frame) The scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting four times the rated load. =Fall arrest equipment must be utilized. Each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least ___ times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it.