hunger strikes advantages and disadvantageshunger strikes advantages and disadvantages

By refusing food (or food and fluids, in the case of what's called a dry hunger strike), protesters put their lives in danger, risking permanent damage to their health and, eventually, death. Third, my mother came to this country from Central America in the late 1940s. After two weeks, a person can experience dizziness, weakness, loss of coordination, and a low heart rate. The attitude of certain doctors to these collective strikes has sometimes been just as politicized as that of the striking prisoners. The links between situations of torture and hunger strikes in the context of imprisonment will also be reviewed, leading to a discussion on the two World Medical Association declarations that specifically deal with hunger strikes. WebHunger strikes were tolerated but prisoners were released when they became sick. M. Oehmichen, ed., Verlag Schmidt-Rmhild, Lbeck, 1998. In more recent years, there have been hunger strikes by prisoners on virtually every continent, with extensive media coverage in certain cases - such as the Irish hunger strikes in the Maze prison in the early 1980s, and most recently the prisoners hunger strikes in Turkey over the summer of 1996 - because of the fatalities involved (ten fatalities in Northern Ireland in 1981 and at least twelve in Turkey in 1996). Essential to this type of strike is that the prison regime be lenient enough to permit such open displays of protest, and - more to the point - allow news of the strike to circulate outside the prison despite the adverse publicity for the system. ln these situations prisoners were usually wary of any advice given by the prison doctor himself. More important, it will be possible to determine whether fasting prisoners have really agreed to fast, or whether they have merely been obliged to obey instructions from the group. In early twentieth- century Europe, they were brought into the public eye by the suffragette movement in Great Britain. The issue of the fasting prisoners consent warrants particular scrutiny, as it is a key factor in determining the actions doctors involved will have to take. In cases of real voluntary total fasting, usually by politically motivated prisoners or prisoners supporting a specific cause, be it ethnic, religious or otherwise, there may be a will to go all the way and accept the physiological consequences of a prolonged fast. An economic countermove to unions right to strike 3. It was the June WebDisadvantages of Nationwide Strikes: Harmful for the Economy: The strikes initially are harmful for the economy as they ensure that the striking workers do not get any work done. It should hardly be necessary to state that any form of religious fasting clearly has nothing to do with hunger strikes. Since costs tend to grow over time, teams cut budgets instead of looking at costs. The episode, which resulted in several deaths (some of the prisoners ended their hunger strikes to eat poison) became known as the "Kara tragedy" and the prison was closed soon after. If a prisoner undergoing torture decided to protest against his plight by going on a hunger strike, a doctor should not be obliged to administer nourishment against the prisoners will and thereby effectively revive him for more torture. The collaboration between Viva-MTS and SOURCE Foundation continues to yield fruitful results, With 120 million drams donated by Mikael Vardanyan, the defenders of the homeland will be treated in a new building, As of 11:00, no significant incidents were recorded on the Armenian-Azerbaijani border. Article 5, which deals with hunger strikes and specifically prohibits force-feeding, was meant to provide support for doctors confronted with prisoners who were victims of torture. The Geneva-based organizations visits to prisoners around the world are just one part of its varied work protecting victims of conflict and violence everywhere. In truly coercive regimes, prisoners considered nuisances are rarely accepted, let alone allowed to spread their nuisance value outside prison. Fasting prisoners will be in the spotlight; their every action will come under observation. I will conclude with thoughts on how mass incarceration can be cost effective on the taxpayers and communities. Levels of electrolytes also drop significantly, which can lead to impairment of various bodily functions. WebReal hunger strikes involve actual fasting , which has to be voluntary and has to be pursued for a specific purpose . Labor laws legally protect Other prisoners will also be observing the volunteer and this may considerably complicate his freedom of decision. Heeding the informed consent of a hunger striker, confirmed within the trust of the doctor-patient relationship, and respecting the intrinsic dignity of the fasting prisoner he is treating is certainly part of the doctors duty in looking after the patients welfare. According to a study written by Kevin Grant, a professor of history at Hamilton College in New York, one of these hunger strikes was recorded in 1878, when political prisoners held in the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg refused food to protest against inhumane prison conditions. The author was confronted on various occasions with prisoners with whom he established a certain doctor-patient relationship of trust, within the secrecy of the medical consultation. Doctors should never be party to actual coercive feeding, with prisoners being tied down and intravenous drips or oesophageal tubes being forced into them. PRO: Drones are fun to fly. The first advantage is that strikes allow workers to protest actions by the employer they deem unfair without fear of losing their jobs. For physicians working with prisoners, the World Medical Association has drawn up codes of ethics which give specific guidance on the issue of force-feeding. Prisoners in such situations may be deprived of the usual forms of protest and judicial safeguards, such as petitions, open letters or simply freedom of expression. This will naturally only have a chance of working if it is widely known that he is fasting. Chief of the CSTO Joint Staff, Interview with Francis Malige, EBRD Managing Director, Armenians Commemorating 106th Anniversary of Genocide, Biden Under Pressure to Recognize Armenian Genocide - KTLA 5 News, Governance and Oversight Capacities Account for Our Bank's Robust Management System - Philip Lynch, Independent Board Member at Ameriabank, 'Mr. TERT AM, LLC Address: 1 Charents Str., Yerevan, Armenia, 0025 Tel: +374 41 768838 E-Mail: [emailprotected] Contact number for ads: 044 030320, The opinions expressed on the website do not have to coincide with the editorial staffs viewpoints.The website bears no responsibility for the content of ads and press review Terms and ConditionsPrivacy Policy. Although some doctors would even argue for a case of acute and severe depression, it can be claimed that not all suicides are necessarily to be medicalized.) The cases of rotating strikes will not be considered, as they cannot be viewed as protests that the authorities or medical personnel could take seriously. She ended her monthlong protest due to concerns over the health of one of her aides who had joined the hunger strike in solidarity. This leads to fat and muscle loss as well as changes in the body's processes. most effective in the lodged crops. The second type of food refuser is the determined food refuser . Pressure from families may have opposite results, a family sometimes urging the doctor to put a medical end to the strike, or conversely insisting that a prisoners decision to fast should not be undermined by any medical meddling. If, however, there is reason to believe that the fast really is serious, there are several issues that any doctor involved has to consider. Ameriabank concludes its Triple Best campaign, which was launched to celebrate the Banks recognition as the Best Bank of Armenia for 2022 by leading international publications such as The Banker, Global Finance, and Euromoney. Braggs method allows fasting for no more than 21 days every year after certain adaptation procedures. The term hunger strike can refer to a wide variety of situations. The prisoners concerned often regard themselves, and claim to be, legitimate hunger strikers. Hunger strikes have always been associated with some form of protest. This syndrome occurs as a result of shifts in fluids and electrolytes, meaning that giving too much food or fluids too quickly may be dangerous and potentially fatal. It may include liver dysfunction, heart arrhythmia, and pulmonary, neurological, or other symptoms. It is estimated that if a protester is healthy before going on a hunger strike, and continues to receive fluids, he or she is at risk of dying from malnutrition after six to eight weeks. It is believed that one of the first major hunger strikes in modern history occurred at the end of the 19th century in Russia. By Jane Chung. As hunger strikes often occur among prisoners protesting in countries affected by conflict, ICRC doctors are often confronted with hunger strikers. She launched several hunger strikes, including one that was 83 days long. Long-term refusal of food affects most organs and systems in the human body. For the purposes of this paper, only hunger strikes involving prisoners will be considered here. * We are in heartfelt support of the UCI hunger strikers and their objectives. Extract from the publication "Maltreatment and Torture", in the series Research in Legal Medicine - Volume 19 / Rechtsmedizinische Forschungsergebnisse - Band 19. What they have been doing is beautiful and courageous. What are the advantages and disadvantages of union strikes? He demanded the release of all Ukrainian political prisoners being held in Russia. Last year, as COVID-19 swept through immigration detention centers, detained people participated in a growing number of hunger strikes nationwide, The person may experience difficulty swallowing, vertigo, hearing and vision loss, and possible organ failure. (Examples of symptoms). Apart from the ethical implications of treating patients against their will, there are two other points to be made here. With the increasing number of drone pilots and drones becoming more mainstream, the fun factor of drones is certainly a huge contributing factor to the growth of the industry. Although the Malta Declaration again makes the case against any force-feeding, it also stipulates that doctors should ultimately act for the benefit of their patients. It was also doctors from the South African Medical Association (MASA) who initiated a WMA review of ethical guidelines on hunger strikes, and contacted the author on the subject in 1990. Speaking to Tert.am, Nona Martirosyan, an endocrinologist, explained the hormonal changes caused by fasting. One common interpretation is that force-feeding is viewed as a form of torture, which indeed it may be on occasion. In any group of hunger strikers who have decided on a serious fast as a means of protest, there will be other pressures in addition to the obvious peer-group pressure. This naturally gives any prison or judicial authority the perfect excuse for ordering doctors to intervene forcibly. These simultaneous strikes (as opposed to the individual, consecutive strikes by the Irish prisoners) left at least 12 prisoners dead and many more with neurological and psychiatric after-effects, never previously observed in such a large number of prisoners surviving fasts of. If refusing fluids, too, death can come after one week. It has already been said that hunger strikes do not just involve people in custody. But should the general term hunger strike, be used to describe the whole spectrum of situations involving fasting by prisoners? The examples given are all taken from the field experience of the author and other doctors working for the Internat ional Committee of the Red Cross. Johannes Wier Foundation for Health and Human Rights (1995) Assistance in hunger strikes: a m anual for physicians dealing with hunger strikes. The advantages and disadvantages of labor unions show us that there are positive and negative outcomes which are generated when any group can wield power. The importance of doctors being aware of these effects has recently been stressed in two British Medical Journal articles (Kalk et al 1993, Peel 1997). 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